Kerala’s 1st AI Lab

AI, Agentic AI & Cybersecurity Glossary

Plain-English Definitions of Key AI and Cybersecurity Terms

AI & Generative AI Terms

Artificial Intelligence (AI): The broad field of building systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as understanding language, recognizing images or making decisions.
Large Language Model (LLM): An AI model trained on massive amounts of text that can understand and generate human language, such as GPT-4, Claude or Gemini.
Generative AI: AI that creates new content — text, images, audio or code — rather than just classifying or predicting from existing data.
Prompt Engineering: The practice of designing effective inputs (prompts) to get accurate, useful outputs from an LLM.
Fine-Tuning: Further training a pre-trained AI model on a specific dataset to specialize it for a particular task or domain.

AI Agent: A system that autonomously plans, decides and takes actions using tools to achieve a goal, rather than just responding to a single prompt.
Multi-Agent System: Multiple AI agents coordinating together, often with a supervisor agent, to complete complex tasks.
RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation): A technique that connects an LLM to external documents or databases so it can answer using real, current, organization-specific data.
Vector Database: A database that stores data as numerical embeddings for fast semantic search, commonly used in RAG and AI agent memory systems.
AI Automation: Using AI (often via agents) to automate business workflows and processes that previously required manual human effort.
MLOps / LLMOps: The practices and tooling used to deploy, monitor, version and operate machine learning and LLM-based systems reliably in production.

Ethical Hacking: Authorized testing of computer systems and networks to find and fix security vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them.
VAPT (Vulnerability Assessment & Penetration Testing): A combined process of scanning systems for vulnerabilities and then actively attempting to exploit them to assess real-world risk.
SOC (Security Operations Center): A team and system responsible for continuously monitoring, detecting and responding to cybersecurity threats within an organization.
SIEM: Security Information and Event Management — software that collects and analyzes security logs from across an organization to detect threats.
Red Team: A group that simulates real-world cyberattacks against an organization to test its defenses, distinct from the defensive “Blue Team”.
Incident Response: The structured process an organization follows to detect, contain, investigate and recover from a cybersecurity incident.

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